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51.
Cindy E. Hauser Katherine M. Giljohann Michael A. McCarthy Georgia E. Garrard Andrew P. Robinson Nicholas S. G. Williams Joslin L. Moore 《Conservation biology》2022,36(3):e13888
Surveys aimed at finding threatened and invasive species can be challenging due to individual rarity and low and variable individual detection rates. Detection rate in plant surveys typically varies due to differences among observers, among the individual plants being surveyed (targets), and across background environments. Interactions among these 3 components may occur but are rarely estimated due to limited replication and control during data collection. We conducted an experiment to investigate sources of variation in detection of 2 Pilosella species that are invasive and sparsely distributed in the Alpine National Park, Australia. These species are superficially similar in appearance to other yellow-flowered plants occurring in this landscape. We controlled the presence and color of flowers on target Pilosella plants and controlled their placement in plots, which were selected for their variation in cover of non-target yellow flowers and dominant vegetation type. Observers mimicked Pilosella surveys in the plots and reported 1 categorical and 4 quantitative indicators of their survey experience level. We applied survival analysis to detection data to model the influence of both controlled and uncontrolled variables on detection rate. Orange- and yellow-flowering Pilosella in grass- and heath-dominated vegetation were detected at a higher rate than nonflowering Pilosella. However, this detection gain diminished as the cover of other co-occurring yellow-flowering species increased. Recent experience with Pilosella surveys improved detection rate. Detection experiments are a direct and accessible means of understanding detection processes and interpreting survey data for threatened and invasive species. Our detection findings have been used for survey planning and can inform progress toward eradication. Interaction of target and background characteristics determined detection rate, which enhanced predictions in the Pilosella eradication program and demonstrated the difficulty of transferring detection findings into untested environments. 相似文献
52.
利用Mn/Ce复合氧化物催化剂对“年老”垃圾渗滤液主要组分正己酸、正丁酸、乙酸及氨氮进行催化湿式氧化(CWAO)降解,分析了CWAO降解过程中有机酸之间及氨氮与有机酸之间的关系.结果表明,CWAO可降解垃圾渗滤液中正己酸、正丁酸、乙酸,反应进行120min时TOC去除率均达90%以上.降解乙酸、正丁酸和正己酸混合溶液时,升温过程出现有机酸相互抑制降解现象.氨氮的存在导致正丁酸的降解率下降,而有机酸的存在也抑制了氨氮的降解.Ni2+可使催化剂中毒,使催化剂活性降低. 相似文献
53.
Thomas C. Pagano Holly C. Hartmann Soroosh Sorooshian 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》2001,37(5):1139-1153
ABSTRACT: Unrelenting pressure on limited surface water supplies requires increasingly sophisticated water management approaches. Climate forecasts of seasonal precipitation and temperature are potentially useful, but the operational water management community currently underutilizes them. However, some agencies in Arizona took unprecedented advantage of forecasts for a potentially wet winter during the 1997–1998 El Niño event. This study investigates use of this information through a series of semi‐structured in‐depth interviews with key personnel from agencies responsible for emergency management and water supply; their jurisdictions ranged from urban to rural and local to regional. Interviews investigated information acquisition, interpretation, and incorporation into specific decisions and actions. While unprecedented actions were taken by some water management agencies and no agencies implemented inappropriate measures, some missed opportunities for more effective response, primarily through inaction. This study reveals a variety of technical factors and institutional characteristics affecting forecast use. Study findings emphasize the need for: (a) closer ongoing relationships between forecast producers and users, (b) increased institutional flexibility to exploit the increasing skill of seasonal climate forecasts, (c) demonstration projects of effective forecast use, and (d) a regional forum to facilitate information transfer between the hydro‐climatic research community and operational water managers. 相似文献
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研究了不同浓度的柠檬酸、草酸、苹果酸对蛇纹岩发育土壤镍(Ni)、钴(Co)的活化效果.结果表明,在较低浓度(<10mmol/L)时,3种有机酸对土壤中的Ni、Co活化效果均较差.柠檬酸对元江、墨江土壤Ni的最大活化比例分别为9.1%、12.9%,远大于其他2种有机酸(P<0.05).各有机酸活化能力的大小为柠檬酸>草酸>苹果酸,同时Ni、Co活化量之间存在一定的相关性.基于结合率与Ni、Co活化量的考虑,在蛇纹岩发育土壤的化学修复或螯合诱导植物修复中,10~30mmol/L的有机酸是较为适合的浓度.草酸在50mmol/L时,对Ni、Co的活化效果有所降低. 相似文献
57.
Eduardo Soto-Galera Joel Paulo-Maya Eugenia López-López José Angel Serna-Hernández John Lyons 《Environmental management》1999,24(1):133-140
Chirostoma charari and C. compressum, and they are presumed extinct. Twelve (63%) of the remaining species had declines in distribution. Sixteen (80%) of the 20
localities sampled had lost species. The greatest declines occurred in Lago de Cuitzeo proper and in the lower portion of
the Río Grande de Morelia watershed. Species losses from the lake were attributable to drying and hypereutrophication of the
lake because of substantial reductions in the amount and quality of tributary inputs, whereas losses from the Río Grande de
Morelia watershed were the result of pollution from agricultural, municipal, and industrial sources, especially in the region
around the city of Morelia. Three localities in the upper portion of the Río Grande de Morelia watershed—Cointzio reservoir,
La Mintzita spring, and Insurgente Morelos stream—contained most of the remaining fish species diversity in the basin and
deserve additional protection. Fish faunal changes indicated major declines in the health of aquatic ecosystems in the Morelia–Cuitzeo
basin. 相似文献
58.
59.
David R. Stewart Zachary E. Underwood Frank J. Rahel Annika W. Walters 《Conservation biology》2018,32(1):183-194
Establishing protected areas has long been an effective conservation strategy and is often based on readily surveyed species. The potential of any freshwater taxa to be a surrogate for other aquatic groups has not been explored fully. We compiled occurrence data on 72 species of freshwater fishes, amphibians, mussels, and aquatic reptiles for the Great Plains, Wyoming (U.S.A.). We used hierarchical Bayesian multispecies mixture models and MaxEnt models to describe species’ distributions and the program Zonation to identify areas of conservation priority for each aquatic group. The landscape‐scale factors that best characterized aquatic species’ distributions differed among groups. There was low agreement and congruence among taxa‐specific conservation priorities (<20%), meaning no surrogate priority areas would include or protect the best habitats of other aquatic taxa. Common, wideranging aquatic species were included in taxa‐specific priority areas, but rare freshwater species were not included. Thus, the development of conservation priorities based on a single freshwater aquatic group would not protect all species in the other aquatic groups. 相似文献
60.
磁种凝聚-磁分离技术处理含Ni~(2+)电镀废水的研究 总被引:8,自引:1,他引:8
应用磁种凝聚 磁分离技术处理Ni2 + 电镀废水。首先进行了磁种凝聚的试验 ,研究了pH、磁种、聚丙烯酰胺对Ni(OH) 2 沉淀物与磁种凝聚成“磁性矾花”过程的影响。其次进行了从废水中脱除磁性矾花的磁分离试验 ,考查了磁分离器的磁场强度对磁分离过程的影响。试验结果表明 ,经这种方法处理后 ,废水中Ni2 + 的去除率达到 99%以上 ,出水中Ni2 + 浓度为 0 4 2mg L ,而且Ni2 + 可以回收 ,磁种经酸泡后可以循环再用 相似文献